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The Founding Fathers intended to create a judiciary that was weaker than the other two branches primarily because the judiciary is unelected. The legislature and executive branches, being elected, were supposed to have the utmost discretion in drafting laws. Of course they were subject to the provisions of the Constitution, but before Marbury v. Madison, there was reason to think these branches themselves would be able to interpret the Constitution and reconcile any conflicts. The judiciary, whose membership was selected for its knowledge of law and ability to reason, must be appointed, rather than elected. The idea was that anyone can make policy decisions, but only a few can become judges. Considering the American Revolution was concerned, inter alia, with the right of representation, the Founding Fathers knew an unelected body can be dangerous if given too much power.

However, the judiciary rose in power substantially between Adams' and Jefferson's presidencies, Marbury v. Madisonbeing a document of particular importance. That case gave the judicial branch the final say on "what the law is," limiting the other two branches in a very substantial way. It's not to say that the judicial branch may create law, but it may interpret law. Since the Constitution is riddled with vague clauses, this is a tremendous power to wield.

Today, primarily because of Marbury v. Madison, the judiciary is very strong. Jefferson himself often expressed distaste for what the judicial branch had become.

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Q: Why did the founding fathers create a weak judiciary and is the judiciary weak today?
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