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The "why" of discovery might be more in the philosophical than the scientific realm; it's safe to assume in general terms that curiosity is a big motivating force behind discovery. In one sense, the reason behind black holes' discovery may have been somewhat indirect or even unintended; they appeared in solutions to Einstein's field equations from General Relativity, which is basically the theory of gravity that has proved to be most consistent with observation. Subsequently, other scientists stepped forward with mathematical solutions that described a consistent theoretical framework for their existence; thereafter, the hunt for observational evidence began. Study of radiation from Cygnus X-1 is generally believed to place it as the first black hole identified.

Note that quasars, now generally accepted as being powered by supermassive black holes, were discovered about a dozen years earlier, but their significance in relation to black holes not really understood and accepted until almost a decade after the compelling evidence from Cygnus.

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10y ago
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14y ago

Einstein's theory of relativity shows that matter and energy (as we know them) do not travel faster than light. Every astronomical object (star, planet, etc.) has a certain gravitational field which has associated with it an escape velocity, meaning the speed that an object must attain in order to be able to escape from that gravitational field. The stronger the gravitational field, naturally the higher the escape velocity will be. So, what happens when the escape velocity exceeds the speed of light? Since nothing can travel that fast, therefore, nothing can escape. That defines a black hole. I will add that a loophole was discovered much later by Stephen Hawking, so it turns out that some things (Hawking Radiation) do escape, by means of quantum mechanics.

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10y ago

Our modern understanding of black holes relies heavily on the General Theory of Relativity. You might say that it is ALL about General Relativity. The black hole distorts space and time in such a way that light inside a certain volume of space (inside the event horizon) can't escape.

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13y ago

A sudden shift in the stars formation can create a black hole.

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Q: Why did the theory of relativity help with black holes?
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Did someone help Albert Einstein discover his Theory of Relativity?


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