because velocity of light is slower in water than in air. When entering at an angle, light waves going from air to water, the light waves which hit the water first, will slow down, while the rest of the wavefront is still going at the 'air velocity' of light. When the entire wavefront is in the water, the angle is now 'bent down' toward the normal.
When the wavefront travels from water to air, the opposite occurs. The first part of the wavefront to hit the interface will speed up as it enters the air.
It only does that when it passes from one medium into another one with a higher index of refraction.
When it passes from one medium into another one with a lower index of refraction, it bends away
from the normal.
The process is the same as when a car encounters water flowing along the curb. When the wheels on
one side of the car hit the water, the speed of those wheels is slightly reduced, and the car turns slightly
toward the drag of the water.
It will bend towards the normal, or away from the normal, depending on whether it changes to a material with a greater, or a lesser, index of refraction.
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normal
The change in speed causes the light to bend. If it is travelling from an optically dencer to an optically rarer medium the ray will bend away from the normal. But if it is travelling from an optically rarer to an optically denser medium then it will bend towards the normal.
The ray of light gets refracted. Depending on the medium it is entering, it will bend either to or away from the normal. For example, if it is entering a glass block from air, it will bend towards the normal, and if it leaves a glass block and enters air it will bend away from the normal. The amount the ray bends depends on the angle of incidences and the refractive indices of the two mediums, and are governed by Snell's Law.
Medium A is the more optically dense medium. As when the light enters B its speed increases taking it toward the normal.
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The ray will bend towards the normal.
normal
if the ray of light enters the water from air,refraction takes place and the ray of light will bend towards the normal due to higher optical density.
The change in speed causes the light to bend. If it is travelling from an optically dencer to an optically rarer medium the ray will bend away from the normal. But if it is travelling from an optically rarer to an optically denser medium then it will bend towards the normal.
The change in speed causes the light to bend. If it is travelling from an optically dencer to an optically rarer medium the ray will bend away from the normal. But if it is travelling from an optically rarer to an optically denser medium then it will bend towards the normal.
The ray of light gets refracted. Depending on the medium it is entering, it will bend either to or away from the normal. For example, if it is entering a glass block from air, it will bend towards the normal, and if it leaves a glass block and enters air it will bend away from the normal. The amount the ray bends depends on the angle of incidences and the refractive indices of the two mediums, and are governed by Snell's Law.
Medium A is the more optically dense medium. As when the light enters B its speed increases taking it toward the normal.
No, a light ray does not bend if it enters a glass block perpendicularly.
due to the phenomenon of refraction .
Without getting too complicated, the "more dense medium"'s gravitational pull alters the path of the light. The ray of light will bend away from the normal.
reflection