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Populations evolve.
This describes the process of evolution. When organisms evolve, they change over time in a way adaptive to their current environment.
COevolution
they evolve to fill new niches
So the species can reproduce and survive.WRONG!!Adaptions are of no use to a species as adaptions are the result of adaptive change which is the purview of natural selection and only INDIVIDUALS are selected. The adaptions of individuals help them to survive and, more importantly, have reproductive success over conspecifics in the immediate environment.Then alleles are changed over time in the population and evolution occurs, but the adaption is an individual process that leads to wide allele change and progeny having the adaption.Remember, individuals are selected while populations evolve.
Adaptive radiation.
Adaptive Radiation
sunlight, radiation, and smoking
evolution.
Allopatric speciation.Allopactric speciation. Geographic isolation. Adaptive radiation can also result from geographic isolation.
Convergent evolution may be the words you seek. This often happens when different species have to adapt to a similar environment. An example would be the similar body shape, and the shape of appendages; of both fish and of marine mammals.
Adaptive convergence is a form of evolution in which two unrelated (or distantly related) species evolve very similar forms due to similar selective pressures.
Animals have always evolved, but high radiation after the crusteacious period were high enough to speed it up.
Punctuated equilibrium See link below.
punctuated equilibrium
punctuated equilibrium
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck