Airplanes not necessarily use supercomputers but, supercomputers are used to design airplanes. One of the many uses of supercomputers is to model how wind and turbulence affect an airplane. Supercomputers are also used in advanced flight simulators.
Most typically, supercomputers need dedicated air conditioning. The average computer can be cooled by air alone that is moved over the hot components by a fan. Supercomputers have hundreds or thousands of times as many powerful components packed in close proximity and working hard (often for days or weeks at a time) and there is simply no way to fan cool them effectively. Virtually all supercomputers are housed in dedicated buildings that have round-the-clock air conditioning.
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