Brighter sources get lower magnitude numbers. Dimmer objects get higher magnitude numbers.
So the sun gets the lowest number, unless you know of something in the sky that's brighter.
Stars are measured in brilliance called magnitude. The faintest stars visible to the naked eye are mag.6. Brighter ones are mag. 1 or 2, the even brighter stars have negative magnitude. So its like a number line in math: Brighter Fainter -6_-5_-4_-3_-2_-1__0__1_2_3_4_5_6
"First magnitude" usually means the brightest 21 stars, as seen from Earth. Another definition is stars with apparent magnitudes 0.5 to 1.5. This definition excludes the very brightest stars, like Sirius. They are the first stars that become visible after sunset and they all have names. Examples are Altair, Aldebaran, Capella, Spica, Antares, Fomalhaut, Deneb, Regulus, Sirius, etc. There can be confusion because First Magnitude stars are not stars with an "apparent magnitude" of exactly "one". They are just the brightest stars, but naturally their magnitudes are close to one.
Telescopes, combined with spectroscopy are used for the colors. The apparent brightness can be measured using a telescope with a special "CCD camera". To measure the "real" brightness ("absolute magnitude") you also need to be able to work out the distance to the star.
Because the stars are relatively so far away, all planets of this solar system have the same number of stars near them.
Polaris (North Star or Pole Star) has an apparent magnitude of +1.97 (Variable)
Absolute magnitude
No, not even close.
Stars are measured in brilliance called magnitude. The faintest stars visible to the naked eye are mag.6. Brighter ones are mag. 1 or 2, the even brighter stars have negative magnitude. So its like a number line in math: Brighter Fainter -6_-5_-4_-3_-2_-1__0__1_2_3_4_5_6
It has more stars as you set the brightness threshold lower. If you include all stars down to magnitude 13 there are thousands, maybe even millions. The brightest stars are magnitude 2 so they are easily visible.
There are so many un-named stars it's impossible to give one of them a magnitude, they are all different.
"First magnitude" usually means the brightest 21 stars, as seen from Earth. Another definition is stars with apparent magnitudes 0.5 to 1.5. This definition excludes the very brightest stars, like Sirius. They are the first stars that become visible after sunset and they all have names. Examples are Altair, Aldebaran, Capella, Spica, Antares, Fomalhaut, Deneb, Regulus, Sirius, etc. There can be confusion because First Magnitude stars are not stars with an "apparent magnitude" of exactly "one". They are just the brightest stars, but naturally their magnitudes are close to one.
'Lyra' is a constellation ... a collection of stars ... and each one has a different magnitude. The brightest star in Lyra is 'Vega'. Vega was actually chosen as the standard for the magnitude measurements of all stars, and its brightness was originally defined as Zero Magnitude. Naturally, astronomical instruments have gotten better since then, and Vega is now listed as having a magnitude of 0.03 .
No, it is a continuous process but not a continuous variable. The magnitude of star-shine, across all stars is a continuous variable. The magnitude of a star's shine over time is a continuous variable.
The apparent magnitude is how bright the star appears to us, but stars are all at different distances so that a star that is really bright might look dim because it is very far away. So the absolute magnitude measures how bright the star would look if it was placed at a standard distance of 10 parsecs. When the absolute magnitude is greater than the apparent magnitude, it just means that it is closer than 10 pc. The brightest stars have absolute magnitudes around -7.
Telescopes, combined with spectroscopy are used for the colors. The apparent brightness can be measured using a telescope with a special "CCD camera". To measure the "real" brightness ("absolute magnitude") you also need to be able to work out the distance to the star.
If all the names are equal e.g. 7, then the lowest number = the highest number = the mean etc. = 7.
I think you are referring to what astronomers call magnitude, which is defined in several different ways. Apparent magnitude is how bright a star looks compared to others. The dimmest stars we can see with the naked eye in good conditions are magnitude 6, and the brightest ones are about 1. Really bright objects like some of the planets have negative magnitude. Absolute magnitude is a way to compare how bright stars really are, because the apparent magnitude is affected by their distance from us. It's the magnitude the star would have if it were exactly ten parsecs away. Bolometric magnitude is more complex, but is an attempt to quantify the star's luminosity over all wavelengths, not just those we can see.