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Why is ethanol miscible with water?

Updated: 9/20/2023
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10y ago

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Ethanol : C2H5-O-H

Water : O-H-O

One of the Oxygen atom in water can form a Hydrogen bond with the last Hydrogen atom as shown above.

Hydrogen bonds are the electrostatic forces of attraction between an electron-deficient hydrogen bonded to a very electronegative atom and the lone pair of a neighbouring very electronegative atom.

In Ethanol, the final Hydrogen is bonded with Oxygen, which is a very electronegative atom, therefore the Hydrogen atom is electron-deficient because the shared electron pair is attracted very close to the Oxygen and hence creates a strong dipole moment.

In water, both the Oxygen atoms are very electronegative and will attract the positive end of Ethanol, which is the Hydrogen to form Hydrogen bond.

Hydrogen bonds are much stronger than van der Waals' forces or permanent dipole attraction.

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Q: Why is ethanol miscible with water?
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