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The north polar regions are called the Arctic, a word that supposedly descends from a Greek word for "bear;" the extreme north was the region of the North Star, and the constellations of and near the North Star are the Great Bear and the Little Bear.

The south polar regions are "anti-arctic," that is, as far away from the arctic as you can get. Therefore, Antarctic. Antarctica means Land of the Antarctic.

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Q: Why is it called Antarctica?
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