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The blue color of oxygen results from the interaction of light with transient complexes of two oxygen molecules. This complex of four oxygen atoms can absorb visible photons of various colors (determined by the vibrational states of the complex).

This process actually does occur in gaseous oxygen, as well. However, the intensity of the color is proportional to the density of two-oxygen-molecule complexes, and therefore to the oxygen molecule density squared. Since the density of liquid oxygen is about 1000x higher than gaseous oxygen, the liquid is about a million times as blue as the gas.

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