The OSI model is useful in network design and assessment because it makes network communications more manageable by dividing the processes up into smaller parts. The processes are broken up into 7 layers and each layer serves the one above it.
It allows categorisation of network components in both functionality and complexity.
It allows vendors to design products following the model, so different devices from different manufacturers will work together.
distribution
prevents collisions on a local network.
From a network design standpoint: Core Distribution Access
The risk assessment model provides a process structure to guide you in assessing risk.
core switchesaccess switchesbackbone switchesdistribution switches
core switchesaccess switchesbackbone switchesdistribution switches
core layer
Reduced content for bandwidth Increased fault tolerance of the network Simplification of management and troubleshooting
It helps you to design a database. It is a theoretical idea of what it will be like. There are different models than can be used, such as relational or network or hierarchical. Some are better suited to some kinds of databases. Using the model helps people to design and build better databases.
TheAdvanced Research Projects Agency Network(ARPANET) was the world's first operationalpacket switchingnetwork, the first network to implement TCP/IP, and the progenitor of what was to become the globalInternet.So the answer is ARPANET