Mercury has no atmosphere so the temperature change drastically from hot to cold.
Venus has thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide, thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide fosters greenhouse effect. Even night or day. It is still hot.
Earth has variety of temperature zone. We have equator where we receive high dose of solar radiation, temperate zone partly receives solar radiation, polar zone receive a little solar radiation.
Mars has thin atmosphere. So it somehow regulates a little of the temperature.
Coldness of a Planet is dependent on the solar radiation it received during day/night, plus the atmosphere which regulates the temperature.
The lack of an atmosphere, on any planet, will stop greenhouse gasses from building up, so the heat won't be trapped causing a cooler climate.
Mercury is the only major planet without an atmosphere. It is able to hold some gases close to its surface, but not really enough to call it an atmosphere. Its due to the size of the planet being so small and lack of a decent magnetic field that it is unable to sustain an atmosphere.
The sunny side gets extremely hot. The dark side gets extremely cold.
Mercury. It has a lot of craters as the planet has no atmosphere to speak of and therefore no weather. Meteors are allowed to collide with the planet a lot more easily as the lack of atmosphere means that they don't burn or break up, the lack of weather also means that the craters stay put once they are formed, much like on our moon. There are also no active volcanoes to cover matter over the formed craters.
The Moon's gravity causes the lack of atmosphere (any possible atmosphere evaporates out into space in a fairly short time); and the lack of atmosphere causes the extreme temperatures.
The lack of an atmosphere, on any planet, will stop greenhouse gasses from building up, so the heat won't be trapped causing a cooler climate.
Sedimentary rock would not be found because of the lack of weathering and erosion.
Mercury. Mercury's atmosphere was blown away by powerful solar winds because of the planet's low gravity, due to its small size. This planet's high temperature is due to its proximity to the sun. Because of Mercury's lack of sufficient atmosphere, the planet is unable to moderate its range of surface temperatures.
The Moon's gravity causes the lack of atmosphere (any possible atmosphere evaporates out into space in a fairly short time); and the lack of atmosphere causes the extreme temperatures.
Because of a due to lack of air, gravity, and because it is a dwarf planet and it is really away from the sun so it is really cold there.
Mercury and Mars are the only planets without an atmosphere, not including dwarf or exoplanets. This isn't necessarily due to a lack of gravity, however, because Mars is larger than Venus, which definitely has an atmosphere, and gravity is linked to mass.
It froze because of the lack of atmosphere
the lack of oxygen that is spread out over very long spaces and the density of atmosphere.
Mercury is the only major planet without an atmosphere. It is able to hold some gases close to its surface, but not really enough to call it an atmosphere. Its due to the size of the planet being so small and lack of a decent magnetic field that it is unable to sustain an atmosphere.
The temperature does not drop drastically on all planets, only planets with a thin atmosphere, such as Mars or Mercury. It is because the thick atmosphere traps the heat, and clouds are a bonus, like on Venus, because they trap much more heat than just a thick atmosphere. On a planet like Mars, which has a very thin atmosphere, it cannot hold on to very much heat in the night side, and a planet like Mercury cannot trap any heat and cannot be shielded from the heat for lack of a real atmosphere. That is the basic idea. =)
of Mar
The sunny side gets extremely hot. The dark side gets extremely cold.