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Imagine filling a balloon with 1 litre of air at the surface of the ocean (1 atmosphere of pressure).

  • At 10msw (metres of saltwater) of depth the pressure is double that of the surface (2atm) and the volume of the balloon will be halved.
  • The actual amount of air has not halved just the space it takes up.
  • The density of the air at 10m is two times the density of the air at the surface.
  • If we go to 20msw the pressure is 3atm and the volume will be 1/3 of the surface volume and the air will be 3 times as dense etc ....

Now imagine the opposite.

  • We Fill a balloon at 10msw with 1 litre of the air that is 2 times as dense.
  • We take this balloon to the surface.
  • The air in the balloon will have expanded to double the starting volume as the pressure halved (2atm to 1atm) and the density will be half what it was at the start.

Balloons have a reasonable capacity for expanding .... lungs don't. So if a Scuba diver takes a breath of air at depth and then ascends the air will expand and, if the diver is not breathing out, will cause damage and possibly bursting of the lungs.

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Q: Why there is a danger of bursting the lungs in Scuba diving?
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