Because it was given by God (Exodus 24:12).
The Koran is the religious text of Islam. The Torah is the core religious text of Judaism. Neither are places.
Torah
No. The Religious Text of Judaism is the Jewish Bible or Tanakh. The Zend Avesta is the Holy Book of Zoroastrianism.
Judaism and Christianity, the two religions that are actually from God.
God's covenant and His help. The fact that the Jews possessed a religious text (The Torah). The fact that for many centuries Judaism was based in one location (Israel).
No. You can read more about the sacred text of Judaism at the Related Question below. Yahweh is the archaeologists' approximation of the Jewish God's name, although nearly all religious Jews regard "Yahweh" as entirely inaccurate.
Judaism is not a sacred text, it is a religion and that religion happens to have a sacred text. To learn more about Judaism's Sacred Text, read the Related Question.
Mostly anything that was not Buddhism : Hinduism, Judaism, etc
The most important "religious figures" would be the patriarchs and matriarchs. Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel and Leah.
Religious law within Judaism is called 'Halacha' and is recorded in the Talmud.
Judaism is the religion that associates with the Torah, Yahweh (the Hebrew name for God), and Hanukkah. The Torah is the central religious text of Judaism, Yahweh is the God worshiped in Judaism, and Hanukkah is a Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem.
Judaism has not had one central religious leader in almost 2,000 years.