0
A CSF glucose test measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a clear fluid that flows in the space surrounding the spinal cord and brain.
See also:
Alternative NamesGlucose test - CSF; Cerebrospinal fluid glucose test
How the test is performedA sample of CSF is needed. A lumbar puncture, also called a spinal tap, is the most common way to collect this sample. For information on this procedure, see the article on lumbar puncture.
Other methods for collecting CSF are rarely used, but may be recommended in some cases. They include:
- Cisternal puncture
- Ventricular puncture
- Removal of CSF from a tube that is already in the CSF, such as a shunt or ventricular drain
After the sample is taken, it is sent to a laboratory for evaluatoin.
How to prepare for the testSee: Lumbar puncture
How the test will feelSee: Lumbar puncture
Why the test is performedThis test may be done to diagnose tumors, infections, inflammation of the central nervous system, delirium, and other neurological and medical conditions.
Normal ValuesThe glucose level in the CSF should be 50 - 80 mg/100 mL (or greater than 2/3 of the blood sugar level).
Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
What abnormal results meanAbnormal results include increased and decreased glucose levels. Abnormal results may be due to:
- Infection (bacterial or fungus)
- Inflammation of the central nervous system
- Tumor
See: Lumbar puncture
ReferencesGriggs RC, Jozefowicz RF, Aminoff MJ. Approach to the patient with neurologic disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 418.
What else can I help you with?
What is the normal constituents of CSF?
Normal constituents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) include water, electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium), glucose, and proteins (such as albumin). It also contains cells like lymphocytes and monocytes in low numbers.
What is the correct name for the compound CsF?
The correct name for the compound CsF is cesium fluoride.
Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection?
DefinitionCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection is a test to look at the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid acts as a cushion, protecting the brain and spine from injury. The fluid is normally clear. The test is also used to measure pressure in the spinal fluid.See also: CSF cultureAlternative NamesSpinal tap; Ventricular puncture; Lumbar puncture; Cisternal puncture; Cerebral spinal fluid cultureHow the test is performedThere are different ways to get a sample of CSF. Lumbar puncture, commonly called a spinal tap, is the most common method. The test is usually done like this:The patient lies on his or her side, with knees pulled up toward the chest, and chin tucked downward. Sometimes the test is done with the person sitting up, but bent forward.After the back is cleaned, the health care provider will inject a local numbing medicine (anesthetic) into the lower spine.A spinal needle is inserted, usually into the lower back area.Once the needle is properly positioned, CSF pressure is measured and a sample is collected.The needle is removed, the area is cleaned, and a bandage is placed over the needle site. The person is often asked to lie down for a short time after the test.Occasionally, special x-rays are used to help guide the needle into the proper position. This is called fluoroscopy.Lumbar puncture with fluid collection may also be part of other procedures, particularly a myelogram (x-ray or CT scan after dye has been inserted into the CSF).Alternative methods of CSF collection are rarely used, but may be necessary if the person has a back deformity or an infection.Cisternal puncture uses a needle placed below the occipital bone (back of the skull). It can be dangerous because it is so close to the brain stem. It is always done with fluoroscopy.Ventricular puncture is even more rare, but may be recommended in people with possible brain herniation. This test is usually done in the operating room. A hole is drilled in the skull, and a needle is inserted directly into one of brain's ventricles.CSF may also be collected from a tube that's already placed in the fluid, such as a shunt or a venitricular drain. These sorts of tubes are usually placed in the intensive care unit.How to prepare for the testThe patient (or guardian) must give the health care team permission to do the test.Afterward, you should plan to rest for several hours, even if you feel fine. You won't be required to lie flat on your back the entire time, but rest is advised to prevent additional leakage of CSF around the site of the puncture.How the test will feelThe test is usually done with you curled up on your side with knees pulled up and chin to chest. Sometimes, CSF is collected with the person seated and bent forward over a table or chair. Holding the position may be uncomfortable, but it is extremely important to stay in this bent position to avoid moving the needle and possibly injuring the spinal cord. The person doing the test may ask you to straighten out slightly after the needle is in place, in order to accurately measure the CSF pressure, called the "opening pressure."The anesthetic will sting or burn when first injected. There will be a hard pressure sensation when the needle is inserted, and there is usually some brief pain when the needle goes through the tissue surrounding the spinal cord. This pain should stop in a few seconds.Overall, discomfort is minimal to moderate. The entire procedure usually takes about 30 minutes, but it may take longer. The actual pressure measurements and CSF collection only take a few minutes.Why the test is performedThis test is done to measure pressures within the cerebrospinal fluid and to collect a sample of the fluid for further testing. CSF analysis can be used to diagnose certain neurologic disorders, particularly infections (such as meningitis) and brain or spinal cord damage.See also:CSF coccidioides complement fixationCSF oligoclonal bandingCSF smearCSF VDRL testNormal ValuesNormal values typically range as follows:Pressure: 70 - 180 mm H20Appearance: clear, colorlessCSF total protein: 15 - 60 mg/100 mLGamma globulin: 3 - 12% of the total proteinCSF glucose: 50 - 80 mg/100 mL (or greater than 2/3 of blood sugar level)CSF cell count: 0 - 5 white blood cells (all mononuclear), and no red blood cellsChloride: 110 - 125 mEq/LNote: mg/mL = milligrams per milliliter; mEq/L = milliequivalents per literNote: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What abnormal results meanIf the CSF looks cloudy, it could mean there is an infection or a build up of white blood cells or protein.If the CSF looks bloody or red, it may be a sign of bleeding or spinal cord obstruction. If it is brown, orange, or yellow, it may be a sign of increased CSF protein or previous bleeding (more than 3 days ago). Occasionally, there may be blood in the sample that came from the spinal tap intself. This makes it harder to interpret the test results.Increased CSF pressure may be due to increased intracranial pressure (pressure within the skull). Decreased CSF pressure may be due to spinal cord tumor, shock, fainting, or diabetic coma.Increased CSF protein may be due to blood in the CSF, diabetes, polyneuritis, tumor, injury, or any inflammatory or infectious condition. Decreased protein is a sign of rapid CSF production.Increased CSF gamma globulin levels may be due to diseases such as multiple sclerosis, neurosyphilis, or Guillain-Barre syndrome.Increased CSF glucose is a sign of high blood sugar. Decreased CSF glucose may be due to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), bacterial or fungal infection (such as meningitis), tuberculosis, or certain other types of meningitis.Increased white blood cells in the CSF may be a sign of meningitis, acuteinfection, beginning of a chronic illness, tumor, abscess,stroke, or demyelinating disease (such as multiple sclerosis).Red blood cells in the CSF sample may be a sign of bleeding into the spinal fluid or the result of a traumatic lumbar puncture.Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:Chronic inflammatory polyneuropathyDementia due to metabolic causesEncephalitisEpilepsyFebrile seizure (children)Generalized tonic-clonic seizureHydrocephalusInhalation anthraxNormal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)Pituitary tumorReye syndromeWhat the risks areRisks of lumbar puncture include:Bleeding into the spinal canalDiscomfort during the testHeadache after the testHypersensitivity (allergic) reaction to the anestheticInfection introduced by the needle going through the skinThere is an increased risk of bleeding in people who take blood thinners.Brain herniation may occur if this test is done on a person with a mass in the brain (such as a tumor or abscess). This can result in brain damage or death. This test is not done if an exam or test reveals signs of a brain mass.Damage to the nerves in the spinal cord may occur, particularly if the person moves during the test.Cisternal puncture or ventricular puncture carry additional risks of brain or spinal cord damage and bleeding within the brain.Special considerationsThis test is particularly dangerous for people with:A tumor in the back of the brain that is pressing down on the brain stemBlood clotting problemsThrombocytopeniaReferencesGriggs RC, Jozefowicz RF, Aminoff MJ. Approach to the patient with neurologic disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 418.
Why CsF is more soluble in water than CsI?
Solubility of an ionic compound in water depends on the extent of dissossiation of ions. CsF is more ionic than CsI due to greater electronegativity of F.The more ionic a compound, the more is the extent of dissossiation of ions, so CsF is more soluble in water than CsI
What is the bond length for LiF KF CsF?
The approximate bond lengths for LiF, KF, and CsF are as follows: LiF: around 1.55 Å (angstroms) KF: around 1.33 Å CsF: around 1.51 Å Please note that bond lengths can vary slightly depending on the specific conditions and methods used for measurement.
Is glucose found in CSF fluid?
Yes, glucose is found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Glucose is one of the primary sources of energy for the brain and is transported from the blood into the CSF to support normal brain function. Monitoring glucose levels in CSF is important in diagnosing certain neurological conditions.
Why does bacterial meningitis cause a greatly lower than normal percentage of glucose to be present in CSF?
Bacterial meningitis disrupts the blood-brain barrier, allowing bacteria to enter the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and consume glucose as a nutrient source. This results in a decreased percentage of glucose in the CSF due to increased utilization by the bacteria. Additionally, the inflammatory response in the brain during bacterial meningitis can also affect glucose levels in the CSF.
Is CSF a vascular system test?
yes
What can glucose tests detect?
increased blood glucose (hyperglycemia), decreased blood glucose (hypoglycemia), increased glucose in the urine (glycosuria), and decreased glucose in CSF, serous, and synovial fluid glucose.
What is the removal of CSF?
In a lumbar puncture (LP) procedure, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is removed for analysis of protein, glucose, bacteria, etc., to assist in neurologic disease diagnosis.
Why csf sugar is always carried with rbc?
Because rbc's carry glucose (which is blood sugars).
Is the concentration of glucose higher in cerebrospinal fluid or plasma?
The concentration of glucose is typically higher in plasma (blood) compared to cerebrospinal fluid because glucose is actively transported from blood into the brain. Normal CSF glucose levels are around 60-70% of plasma glucose levels.
What diagnostic test involves collecting a sample of CSF?
A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is the procedure where a needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space to draw a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What does CSF consist of?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It is primarily composed of water, electrolytes, glucose, and proteins. CSF serves to cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord, as well as help remove waste products from the central nervous system.
What contains CSF?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is primarily composed of water along with electrolytes, glucose, proteins, and small amounts of white blood cells. It is produced by the choroid plexus in the brain's ventricles and serves to cushion the brain and spinal cord, transport nutrients, and remove waste products.
How does glucose and oxygen travel to the brain?
Glucose and oxygen are transported to the brain through the bloodstream. They are carried in the blood vessels and are delivered to the brain cells through a network of capillaries. The brain relies on this constant supply of glucose and oxygen to function properly.
Does cerebrospinal fluid have the exact same composition as blood plasma?
No, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does not have the exact same composition as blood plasma. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus in the brain and is an ultrafiltrate of plasma with lower protein and glucose levels but higher chloride concentrations. Additionally, CSF plays a role in cushioning the brain and spinal cord, as well as removing waste products.
