Meibomianitis

Answer 1

Definition

Meibomianitis is an inflammation of the meibomian glands, a group of oil-secreting (sebaceous) glands in the eyelids. These glands have tiny openings to release oils onto the edges of the eyelids.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Any condition that increases the thickness of the oily secretions of the meibomian glands will allow excess oils to accumulate on the edges of the lids. This allows bacteria, which are normally present on the skin, to grow.

Excess and thickened oily secretions can be caused by allergy, adolescence, or general skin conditions such as rosacea. Meibomianitis is often associated with blepharitis, which can cause an accumulation of dandruff-like substance on the eyelids.

Symptoms

• Swelling of eyelid margins
• Slight blurring of vision due to excess oil in tears -- cleared by blinking
• Frequent styes

Signs and tests

Meibomianitis can be diagnosed by eye examination. Special tests are not required.

Treatment

Careful cleansing of the edges of the lids will usually minimize symptoms. Your health care provider may prescribe an antibiotic ointment to be applied to the lid edge.

Any general skin condition such as acne or rosacea may also require treatment.

Expectations (prognosis)

Meibomianitis is not a vision-threatening condition. Most patients do well with treatment.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if treatment does not lead to improvement or if styes develop.

Prevention

Attention to lid hygiene will help prevent meibomianitis. Certain foods such as chocolate may aggravate the condition. Treatment of associated general skin conditions will help prevent meibomianitis.

Answer 2

Definition

Meibomianitis is an inflammation of the meibomian glands, a group of oil-secreting (sebaceous) glands in the eyelids. These glands have tiny openings to release oils onto the surface of the cornea.

Alternative Names

Meibomian glandular dysfunction

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Any condition that increases the thickness of the oily secretions of the meibomian glands will allow excess oils to accumulate on the edges of the lids. This allows for the over-growth of bacteria, which are normally present on skin.

These problems can be caused by allergy, the hormonal changes of adolescence, or general skin conditions such as rosacea and acne.

Meibomianitis is often associated with blepharitis, which can cause an accumulation of dandruff-like substance at the base of the eyelashes.

Symptoms

• Swelling and redness of eyelid edges
• Symptoms of dry eye
• Slight blurring of vision due to excess oil in tears -- usually cleared by blinking
• Frequent styes

Signs and tests

Meibomianitis can be diagnosed by eye examination. Special tests are not required.

Treatment

Standard treatment involves:

• Careful cleansing of the edges of the lids
• Applying moist heat to the affected eye

These treatments will usually reduce symptoms.

Your health care provider may prescribe an antibiotic ointment to be applied to the lid edge.

Other treatments may include:

• Meibomian gland expression, performed by an eye doctor, to help clear the glands of the secretions
• Insertion of a small tube (cannula) into each gland opening to wash out thickened oil
• Several weeks of tetracycline antibiotics

Any general skin condition such as acne or rosacea may also require treatment.

Expectations (prognosis)

Meibomianitis is not a vision-threatening condition. However, it may be a chronic and recurring cause of eye irritation. Many people find the treatments frustrating because results are not often immediate. Treatment, however, will often help reduce symptoms.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if treatment does not lead to improvement or if styes develop.

Prevention

Attention to lid hygiene will help prevent meibomianitis. Certain foods such as chocolate may aggravate the condition. Treatment of associated general skin conditions will help prevent meibomianitis.

References

Foster CS. The eye in skin and mucous membrane disorders. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 27.

Reviewed By

Review Date: 07/28/2010

Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.