An adjective describes (tells us more about) a noun or a pronoun. For example: "student" is a noun. But we can say more about the student in our sentence by using an adjective: intelligent student; clever student; lazy student; good student... etc. So, here is a sentence: The teacher says Marie is a good student. (The adjective "good" describes Marie-- it tells us more about her.)
The main purpose of an adjective is to modify or describe a noun or pronoun. Such as, I saw the dog. You would want to know what kind of dog. Was it brown, big, small, white, fast, slow, old etc.
Gerunds, infinitives, and participles are types of verbals, which are words formed from verbs. Gerunds function as nouns, infinitives function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs, and participles function as adjectives.
The three forms of verbal are gerunds, participles, and infinitives. Gerunds function as nouns, participles function as adjectives, and infinitives typically function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a sentence.
predicate adjectives
"Left" can function as an adjective when it describes a noun, as in "the left side of the room." It can also function as a verb, as in "she left the building."
Adverbs and adverbial phrases modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
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Possessive nouns and possessive pronouns functions as adjectives which are used to describe a noun.
The difference is both above and over function as adverbs, prepositions, and adjectives, but since there is no overlap in meaning with the adjectives, I'll only address the adverbs and prepositions here.
Adjectives are used to describe nouns or pronouns
An adjective modifies or further describes a noun or pronoun. For example, in the sentence "The red flower was pretty," red and pretty are adjectives because they further describe the flower. Adjectives are often confused with adverbs, which modify adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs.
Gerunds are forms of the verb that function as nouns. They always end in "ing."Participles are forms of the verb that function as adjectives. They can end in "ed," "en," or "ing."Infinitives are forms of the verb that may acts as adjectives, adverbs or nouns. They include "to" plus the base form of the verb, as in "to run."
The pronouns that function as adjectives are the possessive adjectives. A possessive adjective is placed before a noun to describe the noun as belonging to someone or something. They are: my, your, his, her, their, its. Example: My mother will pick us up at four.