What are the adaptations of the xylem cell?

Answer 1

Adaption of Xylem vessel are:

1. thick wall made of lignin which supports the plant.

2. xylem vessel are hollow from inside.

3. does not have cross walls, are hollow from inside which increase the surface

area to volume ratio and can take in more water.

4.does not have cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, protoplasm and mitochondria

that is why it is a dead vessel or also called wood.

5.liginin is deposited in several patterns like annular, spiral or pitted.

Answer 2

he main purpose of the xylem is to transport water and minerals up the stem, from theroots to the leaves. In order for a xylem to carry out its functions successfully and efficiently, it musthave to be adapted.One of the main adaptations of the xylem is the ring of lignin that forms a spiral pattern around the xylem tube. Dueto the immense strength of the lignin, it helps to be asupportive structure for the plant, either woody or nonwoody. Furthermore the lignin prevents the walls of the xylemfrom collapsing under pressure, which would be caused by thehydrostatic pressure of the transpiration pull, and the rootpressure made from high pressure water being pushed up thexylem. Additionally lignin is waterproof, which means it willprevent any water from leaking out of the xylem (diffusing inand out), so that the maximum amount of water travels upthe plant to the leaves. Lastly, lignin is very rigid which helpsto keep the walls stiff, so that it can resist the strain of physical forces.Another adaptation of the xylem is it being made up of dead cells, which will enable it tocarry water through it, as, when it dies, it shrivels up causing the cell inside the cell wall to die andmean that it is hollow within the cell wall. When the cell dies, this means that the nucleus,cytoplasm, chloroplasts and mitochondria are all disintegrated to form a clear tunnel so that thewater is not impeded.A further adaptation of the xylem (tracheid) is the pits that form inthe walls of the xylem, which helps to transfer water from one tracheid toanother, which allows the water to move from side to side even though thereis waterproof lignin. The xylem transfers water so that the xylem walls dontcollapse in when water is being sucked up the stem of the plant. Also thereare pits in the xylem so that water can be transferred to neighbouring cellsnear the xylem that require water to stay turgid, and those needed tophotosynthesis so that it can produce glucose.Additionally, xylems have adapted by removing end walls of the cells(perforation plates), so that the open ends of the cells can join together toform a long, open, hollow tube. This then allows the water to move up a continuous column, withoutit having to diffuse by osmosis from one cell to another. As a result this means water is transportedquicker up to the leaves so that more photosynthesis can occur, as the hollow tube increases thesurface area to volume ratio. The perforation plates help to facilitate water movement in the xylem,meaning water can pass freely.

Anish PatelXylem also has the adaptation of having a thinlumen which means that it can carry out capillary actioneffectively, so that water flows up the stem. It is importantthat the xylem has a thin lumen, because the combinationof the surface tension of the water and the forces of adhesion between the water and xylem, work together tolift the water molecules up the plant during the process of the cohesion-tension theory.Furthermore, the xylem cell walls are hydrophilicand highly polar, meaning that they are

wettable

, so thatwater spreads over them and binds loosely to them. Thiscombined with the thin lumen, helps to cause adhesion tooccur, allowing water to rise up the xylem, and be used forphotosynthesis.

Answer 3

The walls of the vessels are strengthened by deposition of lignin material that prevents them from collapsing.

Answer 4

Xylem cells are adapted to its function through its ring of lignin. The lignin helps in strengthening the cell walls to cope with osmotic pressure.

Answer 5

The shape of a xylem cell allows it to function properly, and has a cylindrical tube called the lumen. It also consists of a semi permeable membrane.

Answer 6

Cylindrical shape Exept parenchyma other cells are dead,highly lignified cellwalls,no protoplasm,no cross walls