What enzymes are used in translation?

Answer 1

The enzyme aminoacyl tRNA synthetase binds the correct amino acid to the tRNA which is then carried to the ribosome.The ribosome is a cellular component that is composed of RNA and proteins. The RNA component is known as the rybozyme and performs a catalytic reaction. They rybozyme performs hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds and also catalyze the aminotransferase activity of the ribosome.

Answer 2

1. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (class 1 & class2): Attach the correct amino acids to their tRNAs

Most Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can also hydrolyze the ester linkage between amino acids & tRNAs in the aminoacyl-tRNAs.

2. 23srRNA ribozyme: peptidyl transferase, catalyzes peptide bond formation

Answer 3

Protein synthesis is the process in which cells build proteins. The term is sometimes used to refer only to protein translation but more often it refers to a multi-step process, beginning with amino acid synthesis and transcription of nuclear DNA into messenger RNA which is then used as input to translation. The cistron DNA is transcribed into a variety of RNA intermediates. The last version is used as a template in synthesis of a polypeptide chain. Proteins can often be synthesized directly from genes by translating mRNA. When a protein is harmful and needs to be available on short notice or in large quantities, a protein precursor is produced. A proprotein is an inactive protein containing one or more inhibitory peptides that can be activated when the inhibitory sequence is removed by proteolysis during posttranslational modification. A preprotein is a form that contains a signal sequence (an N-terminal signal peptide) that specifies its insertion into or through membranes; i.e., targets them for secretion. The signal peptide is cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum.. Preproproteins have both sequences (inhibitory and signal) still present. For synthesis of protein, a succession of tRNA molecules charged with appropriate amino acids have to be brought together with an mRNA molecule and matched up by base-pairing through their anti-codons with each of its successive codons. The amino acids then have to be linked together to extend the growing protein chain, and the tRNAs, relieved of their burdens, have to be released. This whole complex of processes is carried out by a giant multimolecular machine, the ribosome, formed of two main chains of RNA, called ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and more than 50 different proteins. This molecular juggernaut latches onto the end of an mRNA molecule and then trundles along it, capturing loaded tRNA molecules and stitching together the amino acids they carry to form a new protein chain.

Answer 4

1. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, which makes tRNA,
2. tRNA
3. Ribosome (made of rRNA and proteins)
4. mRNA
5. Peptidyl transferase
6. Amino acid