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The Lewis structure shows the four covalent bonds

between the carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms. The space-filling model provides the

most accurate representation of the electron-charge clouds for the atoms in CH4. The

ball-and-stick model emphasizes the molecule's correct molecular shape and shows the

covalent bonds more clearly. Each ball represents an atom, and each stick represents a

covalent bond between two atoms. The geometric sketch shows the three-dimensional

tetrahedral structures with a two-dimensional drawing. Picture the hydrogen atoms

connected to the central carbon atom with solid lines as being in the same plane as the

carbon atom. The hydrogen atom connected to the central carbon with a solid wedge

comes out of the plane toward you. The hydrogen atom connected to the carbon atom by

a dashed wedge is located back behind the plane of the page.

There are several rules to remember when writing Lewis structures:
  1. H is always terminal, only one single bond per hydrogen
  2. Oxygen almost always has two shared pairs and two unshared pairs of electrons. The two shared pairs may be in two separate single bonds or in one double bond.
  3. Carbon atoms will always have 4 bonds, either as 4 separate single bonds, or a combination of single, double and/or triple bonds so that there are 4 pairs of electrons around each carbon atom in the molecule. Carbon atoms may single, double, or triple bond to each other, single or double bond to oxygen atoms, or single, double, or triple bond to nitrogen atoms. Halogen atoms form single bonds only, and usually form just one bond. An example of an exception is the chlorate, ClO31-, ion.
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