An organic alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl etc. 'R' is used when the reaction in which the substance is used is a generic reaction that would be the same whatever the radical.
When written out as a structure or chemical formula "side groups" are often written out as "R". This indicates that the structure that has been drawn is a sort of back-bone structure that can have many different side groups (such as a methyl group, an alcohol etc....).
It is generally used as a shorthand notation for a substituent added to the main compound. For example, the general formula for a carboxylic acid could be written as R-COOH where R = CH3, CH3CH2, CH3CH2CH2, etc. or R = CnH2n+1.
R represents an Alkyl group such as Methyl(CH3) and Ethyl(C2H5)
If you are talking about the Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT) then the R equals 0.0821 (atm L/ mols K) or 8.314 (kPa L/mols K).
This is the universal constant of gases.
regular
R-CO-NH2 is the general formula of amides.
2 Hydrogens, 1 Oxygen.
CuSO4 is the chemical formula of copper(II) sulfate.
File:Penicillin_core.svgFormula after Wikipedia; R is specific for different types of penicillins.
MgCl2.6H2O is the chemical formula of magnesium chloride hexahydrate.
Formula: R-OH
Propionate
Ketchup
magnesium bromide
NO2 is the chemical formula for nitrous oxide.
R-CO-NH2 is the general formula of amides.
regular
SO2 stands for sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound composed of sulfur and oxygen. It is a gas produced from the combustion of fossil fuels and is a significant air pollutant known for its harmful effects on human health and the environment.
PO4 stands for phosphate, which is a chemical compound containing a phosphate ion. It is commonly found in biological systems and is an important component of DNA, RNA, and ATP.
The chemical formula for the carboxyl ion is -COO−.
The general chemical formula for alkylbenzene is C6H5-CnH2n+1, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain attached to the benzene ring.