Given two lines of code, A and B, they are coupled when B must change behavior only because A changed.
They are cohesive when a change to A allows B to change so that both add new value.
control coupling content coupling common coupling data coupling external coupling message coupling
The concept of coupling embodies the reliability and dependability (strength) among all relationships between functional units.The concept of software portability is the usability of same components/software in different environments.For optimal software, it is generally the case where coupling has to be minimized and portability has to be maximized (for sustainability and effectiveness in the long run). Having said that, strong software that contains low levels of coupling could easily and efficiently is portable. Similarly, if the software is portable it is probably due to the low levels of coupling that it has.Think of these as Lego pieces. If you want a working building, then all those nooks and crannies should not be visible (implying some coupling). That means that they should be stuck together pretty tightly (coupling). At the same time, if you want to remove a part of your structure like a room or a floor, then the tightness of your pieces (coupling) shouldn't be as strong. Ultimately, your structures portability is only dependent on the tightness of the pieces.
Dependency injections are needed for software in order to reduce the coupling between software components. I hope that answers your question and thoughts.
Coupling is a measure of the relationship or dependency between two modules. Data Coupling occurs between two modules when data is passed by parameters using a simple argument list and every item in the list is used.
Coupling within a software system is the degree to which to which each module relies on other modules cohesion is the measure of a sub systems internal interdependence
software engg
There should be low dependence and high interaction between the modules. The dependence should be low so that the module can work in absence of another module. So, there should be low coupling ad high cohesion in software design.
Coupling is a measure of the relationship or dependency between two modules. Data Coupling occurs between two modules when data is passed by parameters using a simple argument list and every item in the list is used.
the most importance is the software industry..
External coupling occurs when a component communicates or collaborates with infrastructure components (e.g., operation system functions, database capability, telecommunication functions). Although this type of coupling is necessary, it should be limited to a small number of components or classes within a system. Software must communicate internally and externally. Therefore, coupling is a fact of life. However, the designer should work to reduce coupling whenever possible and understand the ramifications of high coupling when it cannot be avoided.
Coupling is calculated by assessing the degree of interdependence between components in a system. It is often measured using metrics such as the number of connections between modules, the frequency of interactions, or the strength of dependencies. In software engineering, for instance, lower coupling is preferred, and it can be quantified by analyzing the number of methods or classes that depend on each other. Tools and techniques like dependency graphs or coupling metrics, such as the Affinity Metric or the Coupling Between Objects (CBO), can also be employed for a more quantitative assessment.
In software engineering, the preferred type of coupling is "loose coupling." Loose coupling allows components or modules to interact with one another with minimal dependencies, making the system more flexible and easier to maintain. It enhances reusability and facilitates changes, as modifications in one module are less likely to impact others. This approach contributes to better scalability and easier testing of individual components.