Factors Affecting the Rate of Diffusion
Size
Small molecules can slip by the polar heads of the phospholipids and through the membrane to the other side. Oxygen gas, carbon dioxide and water can move in this manner. Very large molecules like proteins cannot diffuse across the membrane at all.
Shape
Glucose is able to get into cells much faster than other sugars. This is accomplished by facilitated diffusion. A carrier protein specific for glucose (not other sugars) combines with it on the outer surface, closes around it, and then opens to the inside of the cell where the glucose is released. The carrier then returns to its original shape and is ready to transport another glucose molecule. These carriers can move up to 100 glucose molecules per second across the cell membrane.
Concentration
The greater the concentration gradient between the outside and inside of the membrane the greater the rate of diffusion. If the concentration of oxygen outside the cell increases then it will diffuse more quickly into the cell. The opposite is also true. If a muscle cell for example is working hard and using up large quantities of oxygen in cellular respiration producing ATP, then the low levels inside the cell will increase the concentration gradient compared to outside and the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the cell will increase. The same conditions in a muscle cell would create high concentrations of carbon dioxide inside the cell and increase the rate of diffusion from inside to outside.
Charge (+/-)
Ions or molecules with a charge cannot pass through the lipid bilayer by diffusion. Other mechanisms involving protein carriers and ATP energy are required. The sodium/potassium ion pump is an example of this type of transport.
Lipid Solubility
Lipid soluble molecules can move through the lipid bilayer. Generally these molecules are other lipids. Steroid hormones like testosterone and estrogen are examples of such molecules. This easy access to cells explains the powerful and wide ranging effects of such hormones.
Temperature
In general, increases in temperature cause all molecules to move faster. Diffusion is a passive movement of molecules so quicker molecule movement translates into quicker diffusion.
Rate of diffusion increases as: * Diffusion distance decreases * Concentration gradient increases * Surface area increases
One of the factors that affect the diffusion of water through a membrane by osmosis is the permeability of the membrane. The amount of water on each side of the membrane may also have an effect on water's diffusion. Water will diffuse to the side with little water to even out the concentration.
No, the diffusion rate of oxygen and bromine is not the same. Oxygen, being a smaller and lighter molecule, diffuses faster than bromine, which is larger and heavier. This is based on Graham's law of diffusion, which states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.
The primary environmental factors affecting fire intensity are wind speed, fuel moisture content, and topography. Wind can quickly spread fires by pushing flames and embers, while dry fuel ignites easily and burns more intensely. Topography influences the rate at which fire spreads, with slope steepness influencing fire behavior.
The five factors affecting infiltration are soil texture, soil structure, vegetation cover, slope gradient, and precipitation intensity. These factors interact to determine how quickly water can enter the soil and recharge the groundwater.
Yes, the diffusion rate of oxygen is indirectly affected by the pressure gradient of carbon dioxide. A higher concentration of carbon dioxide can lower the pH of blood, which can affect hemoglobin's ability to bind and release oxygen. This can impact the overall efficiency of oxygen diffusion.
There several physical factors that affect the rate at which particles diffuse. These include: the size of the particle, the temperature, the concentration difference, the diffusion distance, the surface area, and permeability.
temperature and time.
The diffusion of one solute can impact the diffusion of a second solute by affecting the concentration gradient and the overall rate of diffusion in a solution. If one solute is already present and diffusing in a solution, it can change the environment and potentially hinder or facilitate the diffusion of a second solute depending on factors such as size, charge, and interaction with the solvent molecules.
Diffusion refers to the process where substances from a highly concentrated area move to a place with a lower concentration. The three factors that affect the rate of diffusion are temperature, concentration gradient and the molecular weight of the substances.
Relative advantage, compatibility, observability, trialability and complexity
C. Christoforou has written: 'The factors affecting adoption and diffusion'
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factors that affect dissulution process?
Diffusion refers to the process where substances from a highly concentrated area move to a place with a lower concentration. The three factors that affect the rate of diffusion are temperature, concentration gradient and the molecular weight of the substances.
Two factors which determine the rate of diffusion of a liquid in another liquid include temperature and particle size. The higher the temperature, the faster diffusion takes place, and the smaller the particle, the faster diffusion takes place.
chuck Norris
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