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The shape of the earth can change in several ways.

First is tectonic plate movement, which is the movement of the land masses the continents reside on, over the period of millions of years. Tectonic movement is very slow and gradual, occurring only millimeters or inches at a time, which is one of the causes of earthquakes.

The second way the earth changes shape is very subtle, through the influences of gravity by outside stellar bodies such as the moon. This can create a "bulge" on the side of the planet facing the interstellar body, but this is so small that the effect of gravity on water is more clearly noticed (which is responsible for the tides).

The third is from massive space-based impacts such as meteors or comets, which only cause minor changes in the earth's shape (which are typically only topographical).

The fourth is the spin of the earth itself, which causes the horizontal (equatorial) section of the earth to be slightly wider in diameter than it's vertical (north-south) section, resulting in a planet which is not entirely spherical shaped. However, since the earth's spin essentially does not change, and it would take a substantial shift in the earth's rate of spin to cause it's "bulge" to grow or shrink, this isn't really a possibility.

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What events take place to change Earth's surface?

Earth's surface can change due to natural events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and erosion. Human activities such as mining, deforestation, and construction also significantly alter the Earth's surface. Additionally, climate change can impact the Earth's surface through processes like melting glaciers and rising sea levels.


How human activities change the surface of the Earth?

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