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Glaciers.

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What causes valleys and basins to form?

Valleys are typically formed by processes such as erosion from flowing water, glaciers, or tectonic activities. Basins can form through processes such as subsidence of the Earth's crust, volcanic activity, or the collapse of underground caves or mines. Both geological features are shaped over time by a combination of natural forces.


Are valleys formed your erosion or weathering?

Valleys can be formed by a combination of erosion and weathering. Erosion, which is the process of wearing away rock and soil, contributes to the shaping of valleys by moving sediment and carving out the land. Weathering breaks down rocks and contributes to the gradual formation of valleys over time.


What are flooded glacial valleys?

Flooded glacial valleys are valleys carved out by glaciers during the last Ice Age which are now submerged under water. These valleys can form deep fjords, where seawater has filled in the glacially-carved depressions. Examples include the fjords of Norway and Alaska.


Why is the temperature cooler in the mountains than in the valleys?

The temperature is cooler in the mountains than in the valleys because of the higher elevation in the mountains, which causes the air to be less dense and therefore cooler. Additionally, cold air tends to sink and accumulate in the valleys, further contributing to the temperature difference.


What do valleys mainly form from?

Valleys mainly form from erosion caused by forces such as rivers, glaciers, and weathering. Over time, these forces carve out the land, creating low-lying areas between hills or mountains.