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Red soils develop in a warm, temperate, wet climate under deciduous forests and have thin organic and mineral layers overlying a yellowish-brown leached layer resting on red layer made of iron oxide(ferric oxide). Red soils generally form from iron-rich sediments. They are usually poor growing soils, low in nutrients and humus and difficult to cultivate. These soils are developed on old crystalline rocks under moderate to heavy rainfall conditions. They are deficient in phosphoric acid, organic matter and nitrogenous material. Red soils cover the eastern part of the peninsular region comprising Chhotanagpur, Orissa, eastern Madhya Pradesh, the Nilgiris and Tamil Nadu. Their extent northwards in the west goes along the Konkan coast of Maharashtra. Apples grow well on this soil.This soil is highly porous,fine grained and deep.

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