Glass is manufactured primarily from the mineral quartz (SiO2) which is what sand is made from.
However small amounts of other minerals are added to the sand to make the process easier. These minerals are:-
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
lime (calcium oxide (CaO)
magnesium oxide (MgO)
aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
There are also other minerals which are added to make specialised glasses. e.g. Pyrex glass is made from sand and boron oxide.
The two main constituents of glass are : Silicon Dioxide , Sodium Carbonate. Alumina or borosilicate are added depending on the nature of the glass required. Glass is a 'supercooled' liquid. , that is a liquid below its natural freezing point. Supercooled liquids do not have a crystalline structure, which pure solids have. However, glass if left for long periods of time (hundreds of years) may start to 'cloud', this is the crystals forming from the supercooled liquid.
Gypsum is the mineral used in making plaster. When gypsum is heated and mixed with water, it forms a paste that hardens to create plaster.
There could be several rocks used in the making of glass, but the main constituent material used in making glass is quartz. The rock which is used most for supplying the quartz used in glass making is sandstone.
Scratching a mineral against a glass plate helps determine the mineral's hardness based on the scratches produced. Rubbing a mineral on a streak plate helps identify the color of the mineral's streak, which can be different from its outer color due to impurities or weathering. These procedures are commonly used in mineral identification.
Iron (Except Iron isn't a mineral. Iron is an element. The MINERAL and principal ore from which Iron is taken is GALENA.)
phosphate
Quartz is a colorless mineral found in igneous rocks that is commonly used in glass making. It is valued for its hardness and resistance to chemical weathering, making it an ideal ingredient for a variety of glass products.
The principal material used in making glass is silica, which is a compound derived from sand. Other materials such as soda ash and limestone are also commonly added to modify the properties of the glass.
The two main constituents of glass are : Silicon Dioxide , Sodium Carbonate. Alumina or borosilicate are added depending on the nature of the glass required. Glass is a 'supercooled' liquid. , that is a liquid below its natural freezing point. Supercooled liquids do not have a crystalline structure, which pure solids have. However, glass if left for long periods of time (hundreds of years) may start to 'cloud', this is the crystals forming from the supercooled liquid.
borax
A white mineral in some alkaline salt deposits, used in making glass and ceramics, as a metallurgical flux, and as an antiseptic.
Sand heated to a very high temperature.
phosphate
Silica is the mineral that is commonly used in the form of sand to manufacture glass. Silica sand is melted down at high temperatures to form glass.
Computer chips are made with Silicon (metal). Glass, however, is made from Silica (sand) which sounds similar, but is actually quite different.
Feldspar
Feldspar