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Greek oxys, "acid" + genos, "former." This is because things that react with oxygen often form acids.
The word oxygen is Greek in origin, composed of 'oxy-': sharp, acid (as in oxymoron, which literally means 'sharp-dull'), and '-gen': something that produces (as in pyrogen: that which makes fire, pathogen: that which makes disease, hydrogen: that which makes water). Therefore the literal meaning of the word is 'that which makes acid', and this was because when oxygen was first isolated in air, its role or importance was not known and it was treated as any other new element. First it was called 'dephlogisticated air' according to the now-obsolete 'phlogiston theory' (check Wikipedia for more details), but later it was found that this element was essential to the creation of acids and therefore the name 'oxygen' was given to it and this name stuck with the element until today.

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