Characteristics of procedural programming

Answer 1

The main feature of procedural programming is the prevalent use of goto statements to jump from one code point to another. The end result is code that is difficult to follow and maintain, known as spaghetti code. Assembly language and the resultant machine code are both regarded as procedural languages.

Structured programming addresses the problems associated with procedural programming through the use of structured loops and procedure calls, which allow programs to branch and return to the caller in a more controlled and structured manner, making programs that much easier to read and maintain.

Answer 2

FeaturesWhen the creation of Embedded Wizard started in 2003, the main idea was to deliver the comfort - known from PC development tools - to embedded systems. With the help of customer's feedback, it has been improved ever since, to support the daily GUI development workflow in the best possible way.

See 10 features that will simplify your GUI project:

1. Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Embedded Wizard's comfortable IDE provides drag-and-drop, copy-and-paste and undo-redo functionality. Sophisticated utilities, like the object browser and the 'assistants', enable an easy overview over the application structure and a quick access to its members. Developers will find everything they need in one familiar place.

2. Visual Programming Approach

Create GUI applications by clicking, dragging and connecting visual to logical components with the mouse. Benefit from instant WYSIWYG (What you see is what you get) and evaluate your GUI's appearance already at design time. Even target constraints, like limited color range, can be displayed in the IDE. And with Embedded Wizard's instant prototyper you can step-by-step verify your GUI's design, behaviour and usability.

3. Flexibility & Platform Independence

Implement the desired behavior of a single GUI component or the entire application in Embedded Wizard's own, platform independent programming language, called 'Chora'. It is very similar to C, C++ and easy to learn. Besides standard statements like if, for, while, switch and local variables, Chora also provides useful operators and data-types especially for GUI applications. Chora also includes a garbage collector. Finally, Embedded Wizard analyses your project, intercepts possible errors and generates ANSI C code out of the project - optimized for each target (See 9. Targeting).

4. Object Oriented Programming

All components of a GUI application are realized as classes. Embedded Wizard's programming language 'Chora' supports derivation of classes, inheritance, overriding of inherited class members and polymorphy. This enables a highly iterative development process and results in well-structured, easy to maintain projects and reduced code size. Developers, who are familiar with OOP, can benefit from that knowledge, however, Embedded Wizard also supports a very simple programming model, which allows also developers without deep OOP knowledge, to create great results in a very fast time.

5. Ready-to-use components

For an easy start-up, the 'Mosaic' class library was designed. It provides visual components for displaying text, images, color gradient, etc. as well as sophisticated widgets like buttons, select boxes, text fields, menus, panels and more. The class library also includes infrastructure for animation effects, event handling, focus handling, alignment, arrangement, touch screen and mouse support, and many more.

6. Localization

Develop multilingual applications, which can change text, graphics, fonts and even layout for each language. Thanks to UNICODE support, GUI applications can combine Greek, Cyrillic, Japanese, Far East and other notations within a single text. Whenever the current user language is switched, all dependencies are evaluated and displayed automatically.

7. Variants & Diversified GUIs

"Variants" are a unique concept of Embedded Wizard, to facilitate the handling of different themes, layouts and screen resolutions within one GUI project. Variants of a GUI can be determined at compile time or switched at runtime. Moreover, the integrated JPEG file support, enables dynamic loading of JPEG images from hard disk or a content provider into the GUI for more flexibility and variety.

During runtime, the intelligent resource management takes care, that only the needed resources (e.g. fonts, images) are loaded to save memory.

8. Debugging

If your GUI application does not behave as desired, the powerful integrated debugger enables the step by step execution of 'Chora' statements, the setting of breakpoints and inspection of all variables and objects. Thus, you can be sure, that any GUI code generated by Embedded Wizard runs perfectly stable.

9. Targeting

To bring your application to a particular target, Embedded Wizard analyses the project, intercepts possible errors and translates it into optimized, highly reliable and well-documented ANSI C code. The result can be compiled and linked with your main software. All target specific aspects, like the CPU architecture, the operating system and color format of the screen are handled by 'platform packages', which are tailored for a specific target platform. You can simply exchange the platform packages to generate code for various targets out of a single GUI project.

10. Documentation

To document the structure of your GUI application, Embedded Wizard can automatically create Microsoft HTML help files (chm), which are especially helpful when transferring your project to colleagues or third parties for maintenance and modifications. The documentation describes components, shows their inheritance and lists their members. It is enriched with descriptions that can be entered by developers optionally for every member in the project.

Answer 3

Procedural programming can sometimes be used as a synonym for imperative programming (specifying the steps the program must take to reach the desired state), but can also refer (as in this article) to a programming paradigm, derived from structured programming, based upon the concept of the procedure call. Procedures, also known as routines, subroutines, methods, or functions simply contain a series of computational steps to be carried out. Any given procedure might be called at any point during a program's execution, including by other procedures or itself.

Some good examples of procedural programs are the Linux Kernel, Git, Apache Server, and Quake III Arena.

Answer 4

Allows quick completion; usually faster than Object-Oriented programming. JEZOOR

Answer 5

1.If we declare a global variable then that can be used by the several programs.

2.No data security.