What are the different types of computer languages?

Answer 1

There are mainly four types of computer language-

1.High Level Language - the hardware access is abstracted away and managed more or less automatically, do code can focus on what the program needs to do rather than the lowest level details of how.

2.Low Level Language - languages which give full access to the underlying hardware and memory, but which as a result require memory allocation and other details to be handled manually. Generally most appropriate for device drivers and OS drivers which need this level of access.

3.Assembly Language - a language that can sensibly be written by people (at least for small programs) that directly matches the machine level language that the CPU understands. Writing code at this level you know exactly that the CPU will be doing. Generally most appropriate for very limited-power devices (e.g. light controllers, greetings cards).

4.Machine level language - what the computer actually understands

Within the high-level languages there are various further subdivisions - imperative, functional and logic programming. These all share the separation from handling memory allocation, but have a different structure and areas which they are particularly good for. Imperative languages focus on how to do things, and include Java and C#. Functional languages focus on what to do, and include LISP and F#. Logic languages focus on facts and determining the truth (or solutions to) other statements from known facts, and include Prolog.

Answer 2

Computer languages fall into one of three categories: machine language, low-level language and high-level language.

Machine language, or machine code, is the native language of all computers and is the only language actually understood by the computer itself. Every architecture has its own "dialect" of machine code, as determined by the instructions it is capable of, how many bits-per-instruction there are, and how memory is accessed (32-bit or 64-bit in today's systems). The first bit sequence maps directly to an instruction code and one or two operands if any are required by that instruction. The next instruction immediately follows the first, unless the previous instruction is a jump instruction which causes execution to jump to another bit sequence elsewhere in the code sequence. There are very few instructions and each does very little actual work, such as moving an operand into a CPU register, comparing registers, performing simple arithmetic (such as adding or subtracting), or jumping to another code sequence. Although each instruction does very little, they are executed with such speed that complex operations that may require thousands of individual instructions can be accomplished in just a few seconds.

Coding in machine code is a laborious process and prone to error. Any one program can basically be reduced to a long sequence of 1s and 0s that form an extremely large binary number. This number is not only difficult to read but it is extremely difficult to spot any errors in the sequence.

Low-level languages address this problem by replacing instruction codes with easy-to-remember mnemonics and symbols. All assembler languages are low-level languages and are often called symbolic languages. As with machine code, every architecture has its own version of assembler and each requires a machine coded assembler to interpret the symbolic language into its corresponding machine code. Low-level languages are so called because there is very little abstraction between the low-level language and the resultant machine code. And although it is much easier to write low-level code than machine code, it is still quite difficult to read and programs must still be written in minute detail.

High-level languages make it much easier for programmers to write code using keywords written in a human language (English being the most dominant language). They are high-level because there is a high level of abstraction between the language and the resultant machine code. However, the abstraction means the programmer can concentrate on producing functional code more quickly rather than worrying about how to produce the required machine code for a particular architecture.

High-level languages can be broken into two main categories: compiled languages and interpreted languages. A compiled language produces machine code when compiled, while an interpreted language must be converted and executed one line at a time by another machine code program, the interpreter. As a result of this interpretation, interpreted languages are extremely slow. Java is an interpreted language, however it is initially compiled to byte code which can then be interpreted by any Java virtual machine (a machine code interpreter). As such, Java programs need only be compiled once and run on any platform that has a Java virtual machine whereas languages that compile to machine code must be compiled separately for each supported platform. While this makes them less portable than Java, compiled languages often include low-level features with much less abstraction between the language and the underlying hardware, thus permitting the benefits of high-level coding to be combined with the efficiency of low-level coding. C and C++ are typical examples of compiled languages with low-level features.

Answer 3

There are several answers to this question.

Internally a computer uses 1 and 0 as its means of storing information and commands.

Special patterns of 1 and 0 form commands (CPU instructions)

An assembler language generates these patterns

However assembler is difficult for humans to work with so we work in an easier computer languages such as 'Fortran', 'C++', 'Python', 'Java' etc and these get compiled into assembler and turned into the CPU's command patterns.

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Low level language

Answer 4

There are several answers to this question.

Internally a computer uses 1 and 0 as its means of storing information and commands.

Special patterns of 1 and 0 form commands (CPU instructions)

An assembler language generates these patterns

However assembler is difficult for humans to work with so we work in an easier computer languages such as 'Fortran', 'C++', 'Python', 'Java' etc and these get compiled into assembler and turned into the CPU's command patterns.

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There are many different computer 'languages', but ultimately all of them must be translated to 'machine language' before the computer can actually understand it. That task is performed by special programs called compilers which convert the source code (Cobol, C, Fortran, etc.) which a human can understand into a string of 1s and 0s.

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Every computer only can understand the machine language i.e. the language of 0's and 1's, humans are not comfortable to understand such language easily, so that's why a high level language is used ( easily understood by humans) in order to interact with the system (machine).But as already mentioned that machine can only understand the language of 0's and 1's, an interpreted or compiler is used to convert the human understandable code to machine understandable code.

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Answer 5

Computer languages are sets of instructions that humans can read and write, and can be converted into the bits (binary digits) that computers interpret into instructions (programs). Without computer languages, there would be no software to speak of, as all applications would have to be written in binary code, an exceedingly tedious task even for those that are experts in that particular field of programming. Computer languages will be used as long as computers require programming; when they no longer require programming, they will be at least as complex as humans in terms of learning capacity.

Answer 6

A computer programming language is a formal language designed to communicate instructions to a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the computer.

Answer 7

c,c++,java