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The effect of the insulation is to stop electric currents flowing where they should not.

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Q: What are the effects to the transformer insulation of single phasing on a three phase Delta-Wye connection?
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What are the side-effects from transformer oil?

side effects from leaking transformer oils in the early 1970's. Heart, kidney diseases?


Does a transformer changes the frequency of incoming supply?

Yes the transformer effects the incoming frequency supply. This frequency is dependent on the core lamination of the transformer the weightier the core lamination the lesser will be the frequency we get and vice verse..


Can 60hz transformer be operated at 50hz how?

As per transformer equation,E=4.44 * freq * flux * Turns.So E/ freq =Flux. So when a transformer is designed for 60Hz ,it CANNOT be operated at 50Hz and if operated may create heating effects and core saturation etc. Because E/60< E/50. However the converse condition is true i.e. a 50 HZ transformer can be used for 60Hz application Because E/50>E/60


What will happen to the transformer if DC voltage is applied to the primary winding?

DC current will not pass through a transformer, in the sense that a DC current on the primary will not produce a DC output from the secondary. A constant DC current will not produce any output from the secondary but there may be transient effects as the DC current is connected or disconnected (in which case, it's really an AC current, isn't it?) More about this below because I don't think that's really the question. If you pass DC current through either winding of a transformer, two things will happen. First, you will heat up the transformer and, if you have enough DC current, you will burn it out. Second, you will induce a magnetic field in the core. The more current, the closer the core gets to "saturation" or the maximum field it can support. This is important if there is both DC and AC current present because the more DC field in the core, the less core capacity is available to "transform" AC current. As the core operates closer to saturation, the AC waveform will be distorted and some of the AC power will be lost to heating the transformer. For example, if the primary of a transformer is connected to an AC source, and a DC source is connected to the secondary, then the primary current drawn by the transformer will increase, possibly enough to destroy the transformer. There are special transformers, called magnetic amplifiers, which take advantage of this effect to use a DC current to modulate an AC current. There are transient effects of DC currents in a transformer winding. As the DC current magnetizes the core, energy is stored. When the DC current is disconnected, this stored energy wants to leave the core. It can do this by inducing a voltage in either of the windings. If both windings are open circuit, this voltage can be very high. So you may see a spark jump when the DC voltage is disconnected. In a large transformer, this discharge may break down the transformer insulation and damage it. Some switching power supplies take advantage of this effect in which case the transformer is wound slightly differently and called a "coupled inductor."


Can step down transformer be used as a step up transformer?

If the transformer has two separate windings, then, YES a step-down can be used as a step-up, and vice-versa.It is more correct to say you are reversing the high and low sides.By definition Primary is the "IN" side and Secondary is the "OUT" side.The Primary could be the high voltage side if it is a step-down,or it could be the low voltage side, if it is a step-up.Design ConsiderationsCare must be taken when reversing the operation of a step-down transformer to insure that it does not exceed the ratings of the transformer. For example, let's say we have a 12 VA step-down transformer that takes 120Vac in and is rated to provide 12V at 1 amp at the secondary. If we were to reverse it and apply 12Vac to the new primary (the old secondary), we would have 120Vac at the new secondary, but to keep within the original ratings it could only be loaded to 0.1A @ 120Vac.As long as you treat the output rating of the step-down transformer as the input rating as a step-up transformer, and don't try to draw current beyond what would normally have been applied to the high voltage primary, you should be fine. Potentially one could push up the voltage on such a transformer beyond what its stated application specified, while making sure not to exceed the power rating of the transformer and not exceeding the breakdown voltage of the transformer's insulation, for example driving the above transformer at 24V to get 0.05A @ 240Vac. It is important to realize though that the rated input voltage for a step-down transformer will likely not be a safe input voltage if you use it as a step-up transformer - for example, applying 120V to the above transformer with the windings reversed would generate 1.2KV!One important point to remember when reversing a three-phase transformer to a step-up is what kind of windings it has. Most three-phase transformers use a "delta" configuration on the primary side. This means that there are three "hot wires" and a ground, but not a neutral. (The white wire in a circuit). On the secondary side, transformers are usually wired up in a "Wye" (sometimes called a "star" configuration. Doing this allows the transformer to create a Neutral connection. If a step-down transformer is reversed to make it a step-up, the high (output) side will not have a Neutral connection. If one is not needed, say for a three-phase welding machine, this would not be a probem. However, if a Neutral IS needed ,say for lighting, reversing this transformer would not work. In this case, a listed step-up transformer will be needed. One final thing, if a step-down transformer is used as a step-up, a Neutral wire is not required to be connected to the input side.

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