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1801. Joseph Marie Jacquard's mechanical loom took input in the form of punch cards laced together to form a chain and produced an output in the form of woven cloth. By any definition, Jacquard's "machine code" was arguably the first programming language as we know it today. Whether we regard a loom as being a computer or not is immaterial when discussing programming languages.

1833. Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine used a similar principal (punch cards) and although the device was never built, the design included the machine code necessary to program it. There was an attempt to fund construction of a working model in 2010 which failed to materialise. However, in 1991, another of his designs, Difference Engine No. 2 which evolved from his work on the earlier Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, was built and proved his designs were sound. Babbage is posthumously known as the "father of the computer" and it can easily be argued that his "machine code" was the first computer programming language.

Of course we had analog computers long before Babbage. A slide-rule is a typical example. They were programmable in a sense, but whether we can call them programming languages is debatable.

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