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Genetic Engineering, the technique of DNA cloning was perfected by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer in 1973.

Genetic engineering cannot be perfected. It likely never will be. It is an evolving science, roughly 20-30 old (when you consider the complexity of the subject).

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In genetic engineering what takes up plasmid?

In genetic engineering, the bacterial cell takes up the plasmid


What does the term genetic engineering refer to?

From the Web site of safe-food.org, genetic engineering is "a laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms." Put another way, genetic engineering is "the alteration of genetic code using artificial means" (from www.globalchange.com). Genetic engineering is also called bio-engineering, gene-splicing, gene manipulation, etc. and the organisms that result from the practice are called genetically modified organisms (GMOs).


Genetic engineering as a sentence?

DNA is made up of genetic material.Genetic research is a popular field nowadays.


What are the positive and negative effects of genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering when used on microorganisms help in the creation of new pharmaceuticals which cannot be made in any other way.Genetic engineering helps in the process of bioremediation which is the process of cleaning up waste and pollution with the help of living organisms.Genetic engineering has helped lower the overall usage of herbicide and pesticide.Genetic engineering has helped with the production of vaccines and other drugs in plants.Genetic engineering has helped produce quicker and more predictable way of generating new cultivars. Further, the cultivar properties are better known today than it was ever known before.Today, genetic engineering can produce sustainable agriculture.Genetic engineering has produced very useful genetically modified breeds which can tolerate factory farming without any suffering.In humans, genetic engineering is used to treat genetic disorders and cancer. It also helps in supplying new body parts.Although, this has not been done today, genetic engineering has the potential of creating new types of human beings with many advantageous traits.


How did the person that made velcro come up with the idea?

The idea of Velcro came from a frogs sticky padded feet.