Somewhat close to the word repeat, the word you're looking for, I believe, is: repetition.
The slang word moniker originated from a place called Africa. In the old times, the phrase was used to describe African monkeys. However, today, the slang has carried over.
This is called a phrase.
Exposition
Yes the idea or meaning is associated with a word and it is called its definition.
A preposition. "Over the weekend" is a prepositional phrase that functions as an adverb modifying the verb phrase "will go"
That is called a "chant" or a "repetitive phrase."
Saying a phrase over and over can be called repitition. Seems simple but really its a litterary tool to use repitition on a word or phrase.
euphemism
It is called an acronym.
A colloquialism!
Repeating a word or phrase for emphasis is called epizeuxis. It is a rhetorical device used to draw attention to a particular point or to intensify the message being conveyed.
It is called being repetitive; which you are doing with that particular phrase by using the word "over" twice.
A word or phrase defined in a dictionary is called an entry.
This is just a phrase that is used in cricket you beat a team heavily or you knocked over a batsmen.Otherwise the word 'steamrolled' is just a phrase that can be used for anything.
I saw this phrase being used on the 007 movie that is called thunderball
You described an acrostic poem.
The slang word moniker originated from a place called Africa. In the old times, the phrase was used to describe African monkeys. However, today, the slang has carried over.