flame photometry involves the determination of concentration of alkali and alkaline earth metals present in a sample based on the radiation emitted by it when the sample is atomized to a flame
· Analysis of industrial water, natural water for determining elements responsible for hard water (magnesium, barium, calcium etc.) is standard procedure in many laboratories. · In glass industry, flame photometry is used in determining of sodium, potassium, boron, lithium etc. · In cement industry, this method is used in estimation of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, as well as lithium. · Analysis of ash by flame photometer is routinely carried out in various industries for estimating alkali and alkaline earth metals as their oxides. · Flame photometry is extensively used in estimation of alkali-alkaline earth metals as well as other metals present in metallurgical products, catalysts, alloys etc. · Flame photometry has also been used in determination of certain metals like lead, manganese, in petroleum products like gasoline, lubricating oils and organic solvents.
Sea water is diluted before flame photometry to reduce the salt content, which can interfere with the measurement of specific elements. The high salt concentration in sea water can lead to high background noise and inaccurate readings, so dilution is necessary to obtain accurate results for trace metal analysis.
Transition metals cannot be accurately determined by flame photometry because they typically have multiple oxidation states, leading to complex emission spectra that are difficult to interpret. Additionally, transition metals often form stable complexes with other compounds in the flame, further complicating the analysis. As a result, flame photometry is not suitable for the precise determination of transition metals, and other analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy are more commonly used for their quantification.
flame photometry is a type of atomic EMISSION spectroscopy. The sample is excited (raised to a high temperature), causing the emission of light. the wavelength of the emitted light is a function of the energy of the excited electrons, so each element has a characteristic set of wavelengths. usually a single wavelength is detected and the intensity of the emission is used to calculate concentration. Atomic adsorption works in the reverse way. A light of a standard wavelength (a wavelength characteristic of the target element) is passed through a flame containing the unknown substance, and the concentration of the target element is determined by the reduction in the energy of this light as it passes through the flame. the light is adsorbed by the electrons in the target element, kicking them into a higher orbit or completely out of the atom, depending on the energy involved. basically, one method involves the emission of the energy as an excited electron kicks back down to a lower state, and the other involves the adsorption of energy as an electron is kicked up an energy state. Same basic principle-change in electron energy relates to light of a specified wavelength and the change in the amount of that light can be measured and converted to a concentration.
One common test for sodium and potassium when both are present is flame photometry. In this test, a sample is burned and the resulting flame color is analyzed to determine the concentrations of sodium and potassium present. This technique is commonly used in analytical chemistry for quantitative analysis of alkali metals.
Flame photometry can be used for the measurement of elements which can easily be excited like Ca, K, Na, Ba, Cu etc. However due to low temperature of flame the elements like Fe can not be excited and hence not measured using Flame photometry.
Two common methods are atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry.
Roland. Herrmann has written: 'Flammenphotometrie' -- subject(s): Flame photometry
Berry, Chappell & Barnes (1946) showed that, in estimating sodium and potassium by flame photometry, there were definite improvements in precision and accuracy when lithium was added to the samples as an internal standard (compare Spencer, 1950; Bernstein, 1952). The lithium internal standard signal reduces fluctuation in flame conditions, drift, and dilution errors—ensures reproducible results and precise measurements. The fully automatic ignition and flame optimization sequences reduce set up and calibration time. An automatic gas shutoff mechanism activates if the flame is accidentally extinguished. The monitoring and control software make operation simple and allow measurements only after blanking and calibration.
· Analysis of industrial water, natural water for determining elements responsible for hard water (magnesium, barium, calcium etc.) is standard procedure in many laboratories. · In glass industry, flame photometry is used in determining of sodium, potassium, boron, lithium etc. · In cement industry, this method is used in estimation of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, as well as lithium. · Analysis of ash by flame photometer is routinely carried out in various industries for estimating alkali and alkaline earth metals as their oxides. · Flame photometry is extensively used in estimation of alkali-alkaline earth metals as well as other metals present in metallurgical products, catalysts, alloys etc. · Flame photometry has also been used in determination of certain metals like lead, manganese, in petroleum products like gasoline, lubricating oils and organic solvents.
Examples: emission spectrometry, flame photometry, atomic absorption, etc.
To prepare a sample of bread crumbs for flame photometry, first, dry the bread crumbs in an oven to remove moisture. Next, grind the dried crumbs into a fine powder to ensure uniformity. Then, digest a measured amount of the powdered sample in a suitable acid, such as hydrochloric acid, to extract the desired elements. Finally, dilute the digested solution to an appropriate concentration for analysis in the flame photometer.
The sulfate ion is precipitated with barium chloride.The presence of sodium can be tested by flame photometry.
Sea water is diluted before flame photometry to reduce the salt content, which can interfere with the measurement of specific elements. The high salt concentration in sea water can lead to high background noise and inaccurate readings, so dilution is necessary to obtain accurate results for trace metal analysis.
Transition metals cannot be accurately determined by flame photometry because they typically have multiple oxidation states, leading to complex emission spectra that are difficult to interpret. Additionally, transition metals often form stable complexes with other compounds in the flame, further complicating the analysis. As a result, flame photometry is not suitable for the precise determination of transition metals, and other analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy are more commonly used for their quantification.
NOTHING 2. If the fluid contained some element, e.g. sodium or calcium, then the flame would show the colour appropriate to that element. Flame photometry relies on this principle.
flame photometry is a type of atomic EMISSION spectroscopy. The sample is excited (raised to a high temperature), causing the emission of light. the wavelength of the emitted light is a function of the energy of the excited electrons, so each element has a characteristic set of wavelengths. usually a single wavelength is detected and the intensity of the emission is used to calculate concentration. Atomic adsorption works in the reverse way. A light of a standard wavelength (a wavelength characteristic of the target element) is passed through a flame containing the unknown substance, and the concentration of the target element is determined by the reduction in the energy of this light as it passes through the flame. the light is adsorbed by the electrons in the target element, kicking them into a higher orbit or completely out of the atom, depending on the energy involved. basically, one method involves the emission of the energy as an excited electron kicks back down to a lower state, and the other involves the adsorption of energy as an electron is kicked up an energy state. Same basic principle-change in electron energy relates to light of a specified wavelength and the change in the amount of that light can be measured and converted to a concentration.