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Plants need a large surface area for the up-take of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for the process of photosynthesis. Unforunately, this increased surface area increases the volume of water lost by transpiration, so a waxy cuticle located on the surface of the leaves reduces excessive water loss. However, this prevents gases entering or leaving the leaf, so tiny holes called stomata are postitioned on the unerside of the leaf, where less evaporation takes place, but where gases can move freely also.

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