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One of the poetic elements used so effectively by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, in his poem, "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere," was his use of fire as a symbol of good, battling the opposite, darkness as bad.

The metaphor began in the poem as Paul Revere waiting in the darkness for the signal of light in the church, "one by land, two by sea."

When the signal is recognized, during the actual description of the ride, the pounding of the horse's iron shod hoofs on the cobblestones threw out sparks (of liberty) that kindled a nation's revolutionary "fire."

And finally in the second to last stanza, Longfellow emphasizes the notion of fire as an element of freedom in the hands of the patriot farmers, "pausing behind every fence and farmyard wall" only to fire and load.

And then leads the reader to yearn for light, whether a candle flame, a spark from a horses hoof, or fire from the end of a musket, now all positive images in the poem, with the final last stanza of the poem by not using light once, but its opposite, the word "darkness," twice! And ending with the final line as a "midnight message."

The great English writer J.R.R. Tolkien's work, "The Lord of the Rings," uses the play of darkness and light in much the same metaphorical, poetic, effective, and enjoyable fashion.

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16y ago

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