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Phylum Chordata is the only phylum where all the members have a backbone.

However, there is more to it than that, especially given that there are two invertebrate chordate groups - Urochordata (tunicates) and Cephalachordata (lancelets) - whose backbone is not in the form of actual vertebrae.

Chordates (or members of the phylum Chordata), share the following characteristics:

  • dorsal nerve cord which is a bundle of nerve fibres which runs down the back. It connects the brain with the lateral muscles and other organs.
  • notochord which is a cartilaginous rod running underneath, and supporting, the nerve cord - in the case of vertebrates, a spine.
  • post-anal tail - an extension of the body past the anal opening. (This feature is not always present in some adult Chordates such as frogs and humans.)
  • Pharyngeal pouches - Chordates, at some stage of their life, have pharyngeal grooves and pouches that develop into other essential parts of their anatomy.
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11y ago

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