Bonds. When people buy bonds, they are essentially giving the government a loan which the government promises to repay. This is the primary mechanism through which the government borrows money.
Yes
(a VERY simplified answer) By regulating the supply of money in circulation and the interest rates for borrowing from the US Treasury.
False
Congress
There are multiple places one can find out about borrowing money. It depends if one is attempting to research borrowing money from a bank, a money lender, or another source. If borrowing from a bank, then it makes sense to go straight to the bank for the information. The same goes for a money lender.
Money borrowed to pay for government expenses such as police, teachers, emergencies. Money which eventually will be paid back by taxes.
congress congress
The Constitution of the United States lays the ground rules for much of the federal government. One of those rules is congress can borrow money. The question is false.
congress
The cost of borrowing money is called interest.
If you mean "why is the U.S. borrowing money from the U.N.", the answer is because the U.S. doesn't have enough of its own. If you mean "why is the U.S. borrowing money from the country" then the answer would be that the U.S. is not borrowing its own money, its just using it.
you get money