How many lakar in sanskrit?

Answer 1

10

Answer 2

There are in fact ten lakārs, five of which are used most commonly today and five which tend to be "reserved" for writing or for formal speech. The five common ones are:

laṭ (लट्) - denotes present tense e.g., "अस्ति" ("he/she/it is).

laṅ (लङ्) - denotes a past action; e.g., "अनमत्" ("he bowed").

lṛṭ (लृट्) - denotes a future action e.g., "क्रेष्यसि" ("you will buy").

loṭ (लोट्) - denotes an order or command; e.g., "तिष्ठ!" ("stay!") or "भवतु" ("may he/she/it be"). In the first person it denotes a humble request or volition. e.g., "वदानि?" ("may I speak?") or "पश्यानि" ("let me see").

vidhi liṅ (विधि लिङ्) - denotes a possibility; e.g., "गच्छेयं" ("I may go"). The third person singular denotes a general imperative; e.g., "रमेत" ("one must enjoy").

The five "formal" tenses are:

liṭ (लिट्) - denotes a past action, sometimes used to denote an action performed long ago; e.g., उवाच ("he/she/it spoke").

lṛṅ (लृङ्) - denotes a conditional; e.g., "(यदि) अखादिष्यः..." ("if you had eaten...").

luṭ (लुट्) - denotes some possible future action; e.g., "लेढा" ("he will lick").

luṅ (लुङ्) - denotes a past action; e.g., "अभैषीः" ("you were scared").

āśīr liṅ (आशीर्लिङ्) - denotes a blessing; e.g., "भूयात्" ("may he be").

There's an additional लेट् (leṭ) but no one really uses it (it never saw much use, even way back when). It represents the subjunctive and is purely vestigial. There are some other similar vestigial tenses that are of no importance.

Answer 3

There are ten lakaras (verb forms) in Sanskrit grammar. Each lakara conveys a different aspect of the action expressed by the verb.

Answer 4

There are in fact ten lakārs, five of which are used most commonly today and five which tend to be "reserved" for writing or for formal speech. The five common ones are:

laṭ (लट्) - denotes present tense e.g., "अस्ति" ("he/she/it is).

laṅ (लङ्) - denotes a past action; e.g., "अनमत्" ("he bowed").

lṛṭ (लृट्) - denotes a future action e.g., "क्रेष्यसि" ("you will buy").

loṭ (लोट्) - denotes an order or command; e.g., "तिष्ठ!" ("stay!") or "भवतु" ("may he/she/it be"). In the first person it denotes a humble request or volition. e.g., "वदानि?" ("may I speak?") or "पश्यानि" ("let me see").

vidhi liṅ (विधि लिङ्) - denotes a possibility; e.g., "गच्छेयं" ("I may go"). The third person singular denotes a general imperative; e.g., "रमेत" ("one must enjoy").

The five "formal" tenses are:

liṭ (लिट्) - denotes a past action, sometimes used to denote an action performed long ago; e.g., उवाच ("he/she/it spoke").

lṛṅ (लृङ्) - denotes a conditional; e.g., "(यदि) अखादिष्यः..." ("if you had eaten...").

luṭ (लुट्) - denotes some possible future action; e.g., "लेढा" ("he will lick").

luṅ (लुङ्) - denotes a past action; e.g., "अभैषीः" ("you were scared").

āśīr liṅ (आशीर्लिङ्) - denotes a blessing; e.g., "भूयात्" ("may he be").

There's an additional लेट् (leṭ) but no one really uses it (it never saw much use, even way back when). It represents the subjunctive and is purely vestigial. There are some other similar vestigial tenses that are of no importance.