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Mammals typically cannot breathe underwater without assistance, as they require oxygen to survive, and their respiratory systems are adapted for breathing air. However, some mammals, such as whales, dolphins, and seals, have evolved specialized adaptations that allow them to spend extended periods underwater.

These adaptations include:

Large Oxygen Reserves: Marine mammals have larger lungs and higher concentrations of red blood cells, allowing them to store more oxygen.

Efficient Oxygen Utilization: They can conserve oxygen by reducing their heart rate and redirecting blood flow to essential organs.

Myoglobin: This protein found in muscles helps store oxygen, allowing marine mammals to remain submerged for longer periods.

Blubber: Marine mammals have a layer of insulating blubber that helps them conserve heat and energy while diving.

Ability to Close Air Passages: They can close their blowholes or nostrils to prevent water from entering their respiratory system while submerged.

Specialized Anatomy: Their respiratory systems are adapted to withstand high pressure and low oxygen levels encountered at depth.

Even with these adaptations, marine mammals still need to return to the surface to breathe regularly. They cannot extract oxygen from water as fish do through gills.

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Nancy Powel

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1y ago

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