A neuron has a cell body (soma), dendrites(inputs), and an axon (the output).
Neurons can send signals to one another across small gaps between them called synapses; if enough signals are received and go down the dendrites and reach a trigger point on the soma, a spike, or impulse, called an action potential will fire along the axon to its end, which will cause neurotransmitters to be released into a synapse, sending the signal onward.
2. Neurons are the cells that transfer or receive the information to other cells. Structure of a neuron is:
1. Cell Body- contains nucleus and organelles
2. Dendrites- receive input
3. Axon- directs impulses away from the cell body
4. Axon hillock- An enlarged part where an axon attaches to the cell body
5. Synaptic Terminal- Neurotransmitters are manufacture in the cell body, but released from synaptic terminals. The neurotransmitters stimulate other neurons.
6. Synapse- A synapse is the junction between the synaptic terminal and another cell. The other cell is called a postsynaptic cell.
Briefly (although that's almost impossible--neurons are complicated): different neurons have different basic functions. For example, if a neuron is designed to carry messages from the base of the spine all the way to the brain, it's going to be very long and heavily insulated with white matter. Neurons in processing areas of the brain (like the occipital lobe) are going to be receiving lots of information, so they will have extensive dendritic networks. Neurons, like any cell, are structured for their unique functions. Just think about what its function is and what would enhance/enable that function.
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Neurons operate in a network. When a neuron gets a number of inputs, it checks if it is higher than a certain value. If so, it fires an impulse. This way, our brain makes decisions
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