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The nuclear membrane is permeable to many small molecules and ions, but not to larger ones. So the short answer is "to let large molecules through".

An example of such a large molecule is messenger RNA (mRNA). If there were no pores, the mRNA would not be able to leave the nucleus, and proteins could not be synthesized.

Other examples are rRNA (the ribosomal RNA molecules that occur in ribosomes), and the different kinds of tRNA (transfer RNA).

Each pore is actually quite elaborate: a nuclear pore complex made up of a number of proteins. These control the entry and departure of molecules into and out of the nucleus.

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16y ago

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