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Half-life is a measure of how long it takes for one half of a sample of radioactive material to decay. It is a logarithmic scale, meaning that 1/2 will remain after one half-life, 1/4 are two, 1/8 after three, etc. The equation is...

AT = A0 2(-T/H)

Note that the decay process often results in another radionuclide, a daughter product, usually with a different half-life, so measurement becomes "complicated". Most of the time, differentiation requires spectroscopy, because each nuclide has a different energy signature.

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What is the halflife of Uranium-239?

The half-life of uranium-239 is 23.45 minutes.


What element is used to make nuclear weapons?

Uranium-235Uranium-233Plutonium-239DeuteriumTritiumAs tritium is radioactive with a short halflife (12 years), weapons using it age rapidly possibly becoming unreliable. Therefore it is normally produced from Lithium (in the form of Lithium Deuteride) by fission neutron bombardment just before fusion is initiated.


Is iodine in nuclear bombs?

No. However one of the fission products produced is Iodine-131 and it appears in the fallout. Iodine-131 is a dangerous beta and gamma emitter with a halflife of 8.05 days, it concentrates in the thyroid gland and can selectively kill it or cause cancers in it. Fortunately the halflife is only just over a week, because it then practically disappears in about 5 to 6 weeks. This allows Iodine-131 contaminated food and drink (e.g. fresh milk) to be stored and then safely used when the Iodine-131 has decayed. This also makes it possible to protect the thyroid gland by saturating it with ordinary Iodine (usually as potassium iodide pills) until the Iodine-131 has decayed.


Do nuclear power plants produce radioactive substances?

Yes, but they also consume them. The uranium fuel used has a halflife measured in billions of years, the materials they produce have halflives measured in only hundreds or thousands of years. So in the long term balance of things they consume radioactive substances faster than they produce them.


How are compounds of group 7 elements used in refrigerators?

Group seven elements are:manganesetechnetiumrheniumbohriumManganese is a component used in the manufacture of stainless steel. Stainless steel is used to skin appliance, or shelving, and refrigeration tubing and compressor tanks. Manganese phosphate is used for rust treatment of iron and steel.Technetium is radioactive and has no stable isotopes so is not used in appliance manufacturing.Rhenium is the rarest transitional metal on Earth. It is used in the manufacture of jet engines and rockect motor valves. Because of its rarity, it is one of the most costly metals known, selling for around $150.00 a troy ounce.Bohrium is an artficially formed element, it does not exist in nature, and the most stable isotope has a halflife of 61 seconds.