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Causes

Blizzards occur for different reasons which even vary by location. But most frequently, a blizzard (which by definition features strong winds and often heavy snow) requires strengthening low pressure system with large sources of energy and moisture. The moisture often comes from a large body of water, usually an ocean or gulf, while the energy for these systems is provided both by large temperature differences (as found at the boundaries of air masses) as well as vertical motion which tends to be present at times when the jet stream is located overhead. The stronger a storm gets (i.e., the lower the pressure at the center) the greater the pressure gradient becomes and the stronger the wind blows. Lower pressure also facilitates stronger vertical motion, which causes stronger precipitation in the form of snow to accompany the wind.

Effects

The effect of a blizzard is that there can be heavy snow on the ground for weeks after the blizzard has occured and rapid snow melting can cause ice on frozen streams to break into chunks and form ice. Ice jams can cause flooding. Additionally, heavy snowfall and blowing snow can shut down cities and highways by creating hazardous travel conditions. The snow is also costly to remove after it falls.

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