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Extraction of titanium

As the pure metal, titanium is mainly extracted from Rutile (TiO2) and Ilmanite (FeTiO3). In extraction, these oxides of titanium are converted in to TiCl4, then make it to react with magnesium or sodium metal in an argon atmosphere at the temperature around 1100 K, and taken as pure metal.

Reactivity

In the room temperature, titanium is a non-reactive metal, even though at higher temperatures such as 1000 K, it reacts with many non metals including nitrogen and oxygen to make various compounds.

Usage

Titanium is used to manufacture steel, when this metal is added they become harder alloys with considerably higher melting points, and it makes the steel more resistant in the process of rusting. These types of steel is used in building air crafts and space shuttles, and used in nuclear reactors, further in chemical manufacturing furnaces and steam turbines.

Oxidation numbers

+II oxidation state

There are very little number of compounds in this oxidation state. These can be prepared by heating titanium metal with Titanium(IV) oxide or chloride. Being less stable in the nature, they easily undergo oxidation.

+III oxidation state

Titanium(III) compounds shows transitional chemical characteristics, as it has a single electron in its 3d orbital. The respective hydrated ion, [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is purple in colour. In neutral medium it undergoes hydrolysis and makes [Ti(OH)(H2O)5]2+ which makes the medium basic. When continuously an alkali is added to the medium, as a result of the continuous hydrolysis, it will turn Ti2O3 which is a white precipitate.

Identically as Titanium(II) compounds, these also can as strong reducing agents by oxidizing into Titanium(IV) salts.

+IV oxidation state

This is the most stable state of the metal in natural atmosphere. As these ions contain no d-electrons, these show no transition element properties. As an example, salts of Titanium(IV) are usually white and makes colourless solutions. Also these compounds show similar behaviour to Tin(IV) compounds.

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