If the Sun is overhead, it is "noon".
There are complications due to exactly how we define noon and time zones, but that's probably a good enough answer.
If you want to be more exact it is noon according to the "local apparent solar time".
The sun can only ever be overhead if you live within about 23.4 degrees of the equator (namely between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn).
Even there, the sun will only be overhead on one or two days of the year at any location.
425000meters long
-- The sun's maximum southward excursion, at the December solstice,is about 23.5° south of the equator.-- At that time, it is (23.5° + 6°34') = 30°04' south of you.-- So at solar noon, the sun is 30° 04' below your zenith, or 59° 56' aboveyour southern horizon.
The simple answer is that the Sun is at its highest at noon, 12 o'clock midday. A definition of "noon" is when the Sun is highest in the sky. There are complications because of the Earth's elliptical orbit and tilted axis. So, the exact time when the Sun reaches its highest point varies a bit during the year. Obviously, time zones and "daylight saving" have effects too.
In noon near the equator, the sun is high in the sky.
The eastern horizon. Note: The sun does not rise due east, and the specific location changes throughout the year. The furthest south (on the eastern horizon) the sun rises is at the winter solstice (in the northern hemisphere), and vice versa.
yes
Sunrise is when the sun appears to rise up from below the horizon (in the morning).
Yes, the sun rises in the east in the morning and moves across the sky until it reaches its highest point at noon. After reaching noon, it starts to descend towards the western horizon.
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It's because your brain compares the size of the sun to landmarks on the horizon. If you take a nickel and compare it at sunrise and noon, it should show that the sun is the same size.
At noon on the equinox (both spring and autumn) the Sun "rises" to 90° minus your latitude.
90 degrees100 gradspi/2 radians
For an observer at latitude 35 degrees, the highest the sun can ever be in his sky is roughly 31.5 degrees above the horizon.
425000meters long
-- The sun's maximum southward excursion, at the December solstice,is about 23.5° south of the equator.-- At that time, it is (23.5° + 6°34') = 30°04' south of you.-- So at solar noon, the sun is 30° 04' below your zenith, or 59° 56' aboveyour southern horizon.
The western horizon.
The sun doesn't move; earth does. The Earth slowly rotates until the side the sun was facing is now away from the sun. Example: If the sun is shining on Florida at noon-sunset, the earth rotates slowly in that time until Florida is facing away from the sun and so it is night in Florida and day on the other side of the earth.