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# the bonds between the ATOMS in a single

MOLECULE of candle wax -- the C-C bonds and the C-H bonds -- are

very strong (both between 330 and 360 kJ/mol) depending upon the

particular molecule. In contrast, there is no chemical bond between

one MOLECULE of candle wax and another MOLECULE of candle wax.

There is a weak attractive force between one MOLECULE and another

MOLECULE (about 1 kJ/mol). This is due to the movement in the

electrons in one molecule movement of electrons in neighboring

molecules (the name for this attraction is "van der Waals forces").

Although the molecules are tangled, the attraction between them is weak.

A fair analogy is a bowl of hot wet spaghetti. Each strand is

strong, but the strands can slide by one another rather easily.

This is why waxes are soft and have low melting temperatures. The

wax molecules can slide by one another. Some waxes are

harder/softer than others depending upon the length of the carbon

chain (longer is harder) and branches in the carbon chain (the more

branching is harder up to a point).

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16y ago

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