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It depends on the material. The speed of light in a vacuum is c = 299,792,458 m/s. Any other material will cause the light to slow down and can be calculated from the material's refractive index. So, for instance, quartz has an index of refraction, n = 1.45. The speed of light in a quartz optical fibres will be:

v = c/n = 206,753,419 m/s.

The propagation speed of a fibre is usually given in terms of a percentage:

V = 100 x c/n.

For the quartz fibre, the propagation speed in 69% of c.

Optical fibres use the property of refraction to keep the light 'inside' the fibre. Using an inner core fibre and an outer 'sheath' fibre with a lower refractive index, the light can be totally internally reflected within the fibre with no need for mirrored surfaces.

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