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The speed of sound in dry air at 20°C is about 330 m/sec. Humidity has a small effect on speed.


In most gasses the speed of sound depends primarily on the temperature and, of course, the type of gas. It does not depend on pressure.

The formula for the speed of sound is, c = sqrt( gamma * pressureabsolute / density ), where gamma is the ratio of specific heats of the gas at a constant-pressure to the gas at a constant-volume(Cp / Cv).

For gasses with near ideal gas behavior, density is proportional to pressure, so the speed of sound is independent of pressure. Air, and its constituent gasses, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, plus helium and others, have very nearly ideal gas behaviors near room temperature and above. Only when a gas is near its condensation point does the formula fail, as it would with water vapor.

In other extreme cases, such as very high frequency sound or shock waves, deviation from the ideal case can also be observed.


The speed of sound in dry air at 20°C is about 330 m/sec. Humidity has a small effect on speed.

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