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Stretching a rubber band is like moving a brick from the floor to the table top. To get it there, you have to apply a force (to overcome gravity) for a certain distance (the height of the table). The gravitation potential energy is equal to the force times the distance.

The rubber band is a little different, as the force increases the more you stretch it - but it is storing potential energy just the same. It's called elastic potential energy.

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